Heart Drug Improved Exercise Tolerance in Clinical Trial of Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Researchers from across Mass General Brigham’s academic medical centers played critical roles in a new study that found that aficamten improved exercise capacity by changing cardiac function

Exercise intolerance is often severe among patients with cardiovascular disease and can impose significant limitations on their physical abilities and quality of life. Medications known as cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMIs) are being developed to help patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), a disease in which the heart muscle becomes thickened leading to reduced blood flow out of the heart. In a new analysis led by researchers from Mass General Brigham, investigators probed multiple exercise response patterns before and after exposure to the CMI aficamten in the SEQUIOA-HCM trial. Results are published today in JAMA Cardiology.

“My laboratory has had a longstanding focus on understanding mechanisms of exercise intolerance and exploration of therapeutic interventions to improve exercise capacity,” said corresponding author Gregory Lewis, MD, the Section Head of Heart Failure and Director of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing at Massachusetts General Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system.

The phase-3, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, SEQUIOA-HCM, sponsored by Cytokinetics, Inc., evaluated effects of aficamten on exercise capacity and cardiac function. The primary endpoint of the study was change in peak oxygen uptake as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing under the oversight of the MGH Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Core Laboratory directed by Lewis.

The study found marked improvements in both peak oxygen uptake as recently reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. In addition, cardiac structure and function measures improved significantly, as adjudicated by the Echocardiography Core Laboratory directed by Scott Solomon, MD, from Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system.

The team assessed 263 patients who completed exercise testing at the start of the trial and 24 weeks later. They saw significant improvements in several measurements, including workload achieved, breathing efficiency and cardiac power generated during exercise, and submaximum exercise capacity measured at the anaerobic threshold. In addition, they describe a novel measurement that combined submaximum and maximum exercise capacity as an integrated way to assess exercise capacity improvement. The investigators found that changes in exercise responses related to changes in cardiac structure and function beyond just outflow obstruction.

Their findings have important clinical implications for treating HOCM and could also be relevant to broader populations of non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Authorship: In addition to Lewis, Mass General Brigham authors include Brian L. Claggett, Scott D. Solomon, Ian J. Kulac, and Isabela Landsteiner. Additional authors include Matthew M. Y. Lee, Ahmad Masri, Michael E. Nassif, Roberto Barriales-Villa, Theodore P. Abraham, Caroline J. Coats, Juan Ramón Gimeno, Changsheng Ma, Martin S. Maron,Iacopo Olivotto, Anjali T. Owens, Josef Veselka, Daniel L. Jacoby, Stephen B. Heitner, Stuart Kupfer, Fady I. Malik, Lisa Meng, AmyWohltman, for the SEQUOIA-HCM Investigators.

Disclosures: Lewis reported receiving grants from Cytokinetics, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Rivus, the National Institutes of Health, and Pharmacosmos, and consulting fees from Edwards and American Regent outside the submitted work. Claggett reported receiving consulting fees from Alnylam, Cardurion, Corvia, Cytokinetics, Intellia, Rocket, CVRX, and BMS outside the submitted work. Dr Solomon reported receiving grants from Cytokinetics, Alexion, Alnylam, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bellerophon, Bayer, BMS, Boston Scientific, Cytokinetics, Edgewise, Eidos/BridgeBio, Gossamer, GSK, Ionis, Lilly, the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Respicardia, Sanofi Pasteur, Tenaya, Theracos, and US2.AI and consulting fees from Abbott, Action, Akros, Alexion, Alnylam, Amgen, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cardior, Cardurion, Corvia, Cytokinetics, GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Theracos, Quantum Genomics, Tenaya, Sanofi-Pasteur, Dinaqor, Tremeau, CellProThera, Moderna, American Regent, Sarepta, Lexicon, Anacardio, Akros, and Valo outside the submitted work. Additional disclosures can be found in the paper.

Funding: The SEQUOIA-HCM trial is funded by Cytokinetics, Incorporated.

Paper cited: Lee MY et al. “Aficamten and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Performance A Substudy of the SEQUOIA-HCM Randomized Clinical Trial” JAMA Cardiology DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.2781